While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because

a. they were better able to leverage grant money
b. they consistently upheld ethical standards.
c. they were closely allied to other urban institutions like the church
d. they were most effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments
e. their support for the democratic party to balance small-town republic power.

He seventeenth amendment to the us constitution calls for the direct election of all us senators. this means that the people of each state get to vote to decide who will be their two us senators. before this, the legislatures of each state chose the two us senators from that state with no direct involvement of the average voter. why would this amendment be considered a reform? how would it benefit the people? even today some people claim that the seventeenth amendment was a bad idea. what arguments could be made for reverting selection of us senators back to the state legislatures?

Sole i will mark brainlist to who answer

Which nonverbal cue most likely indicates that a person is open to a conversation? lack of eye contact crossed arms smiling mouth o monotone voice