Germany became a nation in 1860 because

After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. ... In 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states (most notably excluding Switzerland and Austria) unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire.

congress failed to remove johnson. but it did succeed in getting control of efforts to re-build the south following america's civil war. radical republicans wanted to punish the south for starting the war. they also wanted to be sure new governments in the southern states would support the republican party.

the answer is a. since they were a huge producer of cotton and wanted the most money for it.