What were joseph pulitzer and william randolph hearst well known pioneers of?

The correct answer is yellow journalism or yellow press.

Explanation:

To find the origin of the term "yellow journalism" or "yellow press", we have to go back to the end of the 19th century, specifically to the period between 1895 and 1898.  

At that time there was a journalistic struggle of a great rivalry between two important New York newspapers: the New York World (NYW) by Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Journal (NYJ) by William Randolph Hearst (two of the great press magnates). It was customary in both publications to publish frequent news related to catastrophes, crimes, robberies, scandals and family misfortunes, in addition, they usually present the information emphasizing the negative aspects, magnifying and exaggerating them, seeking a greater number of sales.

b. africa to the americas

explanation: