Following the end of the reconstruction era, african americans in the south were
a) forced relocate to urban areas in the north and northeast.
b) forbidden from working on the land once owned by slaveholders.
c) given the land and livestock promised to them after the civil war.
d) often forced to prove their literacy before exercising their voting rights.

D)

Explanation:

They have been forced to pass the literacy tests.

D) often forced to prove their literacy before exercising their voting rights.

Explanation:

After the civil war, the 15th Amendment was made to the Constitution. Although it guaranteed the right to vote for black men, laws were passed in many southern states that made it virtually impossible for blacks to participate in elections - several states found ways to prevent black voters from voting by creating legal barriers such as taxes on literacy and literacy exams.

in 1862, president lincoln's emancipation proclamation opened the door for african americans to enlist in the union army. although many had wanted to join the war effort earlier, they were prohibited from enlisting by a federal law dating back to 1792.

explanation: