In what two ways did british workers fight back against the challenges of industrialization?

Through forming labour unions.

Explanation:

With the wake in industrialization in britain, human labour in industries was needed than never before.

However, with time workers realised a number of challenges in their work.

This led to formation of labour unions to fight for their grievances which were:

This started as local unios then to national.

Most of this unions used strikes to prompt employers to meet their wants.

for the 2 countries u can do china and america because america has a democratic government while china has a communist government.

a democracy is a government run by the people either by directly voting or indirectly by electing representatives. an oligarchy is a government run by a few or a small group of people. a democracy and oligarchy are similar because both in an oligarchy and an indirect democracy, a small group of induvial determine the laws for a large group of people they are different because in an oligarchy it is easier to control and they do not have to answer to a large number of people in the country, unlike a democracy where they do have to answer to a large number of people an county that is a democracy would be the united states. a country that is an oligarchy would be the china.

sorry its a lil late, but the answer is d. the rotation 180° about z'