Why was industry growth in the south, despite its tremendous growth during the late 1800s, still slower than that in the north?

a.
too many slaves chose to stay in the agriculture industry, working their way up to land ownership and making a profit, so there were not enough workers for new factories.
b.
too many poor whites competed with blacks for jobs in the newly developing industries, preventing a stable workforce from forming.
c.
the freedman's bureau did not provide enough in the way of services for industry investors to trust that blacks would be productive in industries other than farming.
d.
a shortage of capital in the south and the spread of the crop-lien style of tying workers to their farms or jobs through a cycle of indebtedness stunted economic growth.
e.
the lack of sea ports made exporting impossible.