How were longboats used by scandinavian warriors?

What did rudyard kipling mean when he wrote about the white man’s burden

Two books are used to model tectonic plates

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.