Arrange the following events in the order in which they happened.

the umayyad army crossed the strait
of gibraltar and conquered spain.

muhammad unified most of the arabian
peninsula into a single islamic state.

the europeans attacked the muslim empire
as part of the crusades.

islamic forces conquered mesopotamia by
defeating the byzantine people.

For in this unit, you read about transitions of power and the formation of newly independent nations in africa, asia, the americas, and the middle east. some of these transitions were peaceful, while others caused long-term instability. why do you think some countries were more successful than others with political transitions? what do you think were the biggest challenges facing newly independent countries? would it have been possible for leaders to prevent these problems before they happened? why or why not?

About the story anne franks what reminder of the war outside keeps the residents up at night? a. ambulances b. soldiers laughing c. bombings

Write about 50 words explaining whether or not this passage supports that explanation.in the introduction, you heard genghis khan’s explanation of why the mongols were successful conquerors in his time. the mongols were illiterate . . and perhaps no more than 700,000 in number. . they were herdsmen on the grassy plains north of the gobi desert, south of siberia’s forests. before the year 1200, the mongols were fragmented, moving about in small bands headed by a chief, or khan, and living in portable felt dwellings. the mongols endured frequent deprivations [hardships] and sparse areas for grazing their animals. they frequently fought over turf, and during hard times, they occasionally raided, interested in goods rather than bloodshed.