Of the following who was not a composer?
a. leonin
b. charlemagne
c. machaut
d. perotin

The correct answer is - Charlemagne.

Perotin, Leonin, and Machaut were all well known and well established composers

payments were made after the 1940s.

in the 1980s, a commission held investigations and made recommendations.

no options provided, here,but the answer to this question is often: a historian cites a japanese newspaper article published a year after the end of world war ii in order to draw conclusions about the effect of the war on the japanese economy.

clearly from the answer, the historian alludes to historical sources,and records to aid in analyzing and drawing conclusion on the effect of the war on the economy of japan.