•urban area protected by walls• villages outside of the walls allied with the urban area• citizens are often culturally similar• most common in ancient or classical eraswhich demographic concept is being described? empirecity-statenation-stateciviliz ation

B. dawes commission

The role of women in the enlightenment is often debated and frequently overlooked. women during this era were not considered of equal status to men, and much of their work and effort was suppressed.[1] salons, coffeehouses, debating societies, academic competitions and print all became avenues for women to socialize, learn and discuss enlightenment ideas. these avenues furthered their roles in society and created stepping stones for future progress