All the following were strengths of the union except
a large population
substantial industry
an extensive railroad
the ability to fight defensively, rather than offensively

the ability to fight defensively, rather than offensively

Explanation:

Union Army generals reexamined the offensive battle tactics developed during the Mexican-American War, with the goal of updating these tactics during the secession war. In this way, the Union had one more advantage in the conflict, since the army of the Confederates was flawed in defensive tactics. The Union Army had a greater number of soldiers, a substantial industry, an extensive railroad, and the ability to fight offensively.

arresting and exicuting citizens

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation: