5. how is federalism represented in the formal amendment process?
a a proposed amendment and ratification are at the federal level.
b a proposed amendment and ratification are at the state level.
oc
a proposed amendment is at the federal level and ratification is at the
state level.
d a proposed amendment is at the federal level and ratification is at the
judicial level.

assuming that by westerners you mean americans. that they were mean and controlling and abusive to its peasants.

explanation:

"a government in which power is divided between state and national levels". federalism is a system of government in which entities such and state and province, share power with the national government.

the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in america focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose reconceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment), the humane treatment of animals, the humane and just treatment of native americans, the establishment of public institutions for the care of the destitute, orphans, blind, and mentally ill, the establishment of public schools, the abolition of tobacco use, vegetarianism, health reform, homeopathic medicine, woman's rights (including, at first, especially the establishment of a woman's right to own property apart from her husband and her right to sue for divorce), and the amelioration of labor conditions (including higher pay, the right to form unions, the right to strike, and the demand for limits on the number of work hours, and safe working conditions).

explanation: