11. if you were standing on the equator at noon during a summer solstice, where would the sun be in the sky, and
why?

in the northern sky

Explanation:

The Sun appears to be slightly on the northern sky during the summer solstice at the Equator. This is actually the northernmost that the Sun occurs over the Equator. The reason why the Sun appears on the northern sky over the Equator because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun in this period, so the Equator come slightly tilted as well, so the Sun comes to be slightly on the north. From this date on though, the Sun is gradually moving closer and closer to a position in the sky where it will be directly over the Equator, and that happens on the September equinox.

the roman army grew in size and became dominant in the mediterranean region.