Why was writing such an important invention in early civilization

What do the discoveries of shells used in jewelry and a huge dredged canal tell us about the indus valley civilization?

About how many european immigrants were processed at the facilities on ellis island

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.