Directions: essay write a short essay for each of the following questions.
21. describe two countries or societies with two different types of economies and compare how the type
of economy affects the answers to the questions of what, how, and for whom to produce in each
country.
22. name the most likely author of the excerpt below, explain what is being stated, and describe its relation
to the author's overall philosophy.
"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. freeman and slave,
patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and
oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now
hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the revolutionary reconstitution of
society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes."
23. give an example of a country that transitioned to capitalism and briefly describe how and why the
process was a struggle.

- "the civil rights movements"

- "following the american civil war and abolition of slavery, the united states entered a period known as reconstruction, during which black americans continued to suffer from disenfranchisement, racial segregation, and economic oppression. beginning in the early 1950's, black americans launched a series of major campaigns of civil resistance, emphasizing the need for nonviolent protests and civil disobedience."

"such as the montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56, a campaign launched by rosa parks against the policy of racial segregation of the public transit system in alabama. “sit-ins” became popular across the american south, particularly in greensboro, north carolina, increase national sentiment."

- "the counterculture movement"

- "counterculture began to develop in the united states following the rise of conformity in american culture during the 1950s. by 1963, youth, particularly those of the white middle class, began rejecting the cultural standards and normality of their parents, opting for progressive attitudes instead. the movement gained momentum as the civil rights movement became increasingly successful and as the u.s. military intervention of vietnam began to take a negative turn."

"hippie counterculture moved further into popular culture following the summer of love in 1967 when thousands of people came together in the haight-ashbury neighborhood of san francisco. along with greenwich village in new york city, haight-ashbury became a hub for the counterculture movement."

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

a woodchuck would chuck 12.5 wood : 3