Which of the following most directly contributed to the advanced development of both pre columbian american societies described in the excerpt

The correct answer here is the adaptation to and use of the natural environment for their own benefit.

Explanation:

The Pre-Columbian America refers to the period and a time frame before the significant influx of European influences on the American continent. These indigenous  people were successful as they adapted to their environment and learned how to use the environment in their favor. They created successful agricultural societies as well as creating major earthworks, which are just some examples of their adaptation.

polling is a process and the outcome is not involved in the process itself.

the outcome, which is an unfavorable rating for a particular candidate is not affected by the mechanical process of polling.

it rather depends on the number of people voting in favor of the candidate.

this is an outcome of people's preferences.

in the 1950s, country music came into its own before rock-n-roll took off in the 60s while jazz and classical music continued to innovate