2. between about what longitude and latitude degrees does most of the connected united states fall?

To the nearest degree,
Between 25 N and 49 N (Latitude)
Between 67 W and 125 W (Longitude)
Source: Google Earth

If you exclude Alaska and Hawaii,
Most Northern Point: Angle, Minnesota, at 49º 23'N.
Most Southern Point: East Cape, Florida, at 25º 7'N.
Most Eastern Point: West Quoddy Head, Maine, at 66º 57'W.
Most Western Point: Cape Alva, Washington, at 124º 44'W.