In the early twentieth century, the socialist party advocated for all of the following except: a. national health insurance. b. free college education. c. public ownership of railroads. d. public ownership of factories. e. legislation to improve the condition of laborers.

a. national health insurance

Explanation:

The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a multi-tendency democratic socialist political party  formed by members of the Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of America. It drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, progressive social reformers, populist farmers and immigrants. Because of its relation with the work class it advocated for options c, d and e.

On the other hand they say that American Socialists must fight to make sure that every American who studies hard in school can continue on to college regardless of how much money their parents make and without going deeply into debt. That makes option b also something they advocate for.

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.

a phrase from a poem by ralph waldo emerson about the battle of lexington and concord. emerson's words read, “here once the embattled farmers stood / and fired the shot heard round the world.”