Which speaker describes most clearly the political situation that actually occurred after reconstruction?

speaker a: some slaves were freed after the emancipation proclamation; others were freed by an amendment to the constitution. we all know that free men may vote, and we do not need further amendments to tell us that.

speaker b: if we pass these amendments, we still do not ensure the rights of the freed people. in states where white people traditionally have run the government, freed people will find it difficult to exercise their rights.

speaker c: as a member of the republican party, i want to see these amendments adopted to ensure the voting strength of our party in the south.

speaker d: these amendments must be passed. the passage of these amendments will guarantee equal rights with no further governmental action required.