4. crossword: the archaeologist
complete the crossword to revise some of the key terms that you have learned in chapter 2.
thlelo lililthlik
the nature ol history: the archaeoloy
across
* the topmost, most recent layer of soil (7)
5. photographs taken from a height, for example by a helicopter or drone (6)
6. a stone used for grinding corn by hand (5)
9. a method of dating using the unique growth patterns of tree rings (16)
10. when archaeologists dig up the ground to look for evidence or artefacts (10)
11. a survey of what is underneath the ground, similar to an x-ray (11)
12. an object made by a human being (8)
28. of the 'new' stone age (9)
down
1. what archaeologists analyse to see what was growing during a particular time period (6)
2. a method of dating objects by how deep in the ground they were when found (12)
4. when something is represented as better, worse, bigger, etc. than it is in reality (12)
5. a person who investigates places and objects left by people in the past, induding the time before
written records (13)
7. a method of dating using the falling levels of carbon-14 in animal or plant tissue (11)
8. the protection and preservation of historic objects to avoid decay (12)

(e) a major consequence of the election was that several southern states

answer:   migrations were important in the neolithic period. "two major migrations passing through southeastern europe were confirmed by the means of archaeo-genetic studies."

the first migration was the early neolithic period -- 6,000 before common era (bce) -- when the first farmers, from anatolia -- asia minor -- spread through europe. the second migration occurred during the early bronze age (3,000-2,500 bce) when the so-called "steppe population," from the eurasian steppe, replaced much of northern europe's previous population.

the first farmers of northern and western europe passed through southeastern europe with limited hunter-gatherer genetic admixture, which occurs when two or more previously isolated populations begin interbreeding. however, some groups that remained mixed extensively -- without the male-biased, hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the north and west, according to latest discoveries. southeastern europe continued to be a nexus between east and west, with intermittent genetic contact with the steppe people up to 2,000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern europe's population.

"in some places, hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers seem to have mixed very quickly," says iain mathieson, a geneticist at the university of pennsylvania, who was first author of the paper. "but, mostly, the two groups remained isolated, at least for the first few hundred years. these hunter-gatherers had been living there for thousands of years, and it must have been quite a shock to have these new people show up -- with a completely different lifestyle and appearance."

the main objectives of the progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.