what were the following people known for:
- william harvey
- rene descartes
- andreas vesalius
- joseph priestly
- robert boyle
- william gilbert
- carolus linnaeus
- robert hooke
- anton van leeuwenhoek
- antoine lavoisier
- niccolo machiavelli
- queen elizabeth i
- john calvin
- robespierre
- thomas malthus
- john locke
- karl marx
- francis bacon
- james watt
- eli whitney
- robert fulton
- robert stephenson
- samuel f. b. morse
- elias howe
- isaac singer
- cyrus field
- alexander graham bell
- shogun
- samurai

1) William Harvey - William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who made seminal contributions in anatomy and physiology. He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart.

2) Rene Descartes - René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.

3) Andreas Vesalius - Andreas Vesalius was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica.

4) Joseph Priestly - Joseph Priestley FRS was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, innovative grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works.

5)Robert Boyle - Robert Boyle FRS was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.

6)William Gilbert - William Gilbert, also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching.

7)Carl Linnaeus - Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy".

8)Robert Hooke - Robert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath. As a young adult, he was a financially impoverished scientific inquirer, but came into wealth and good reputation following his actions as Surveyor to the City of London after the great fire of 1666.

9) Anton Van leeuwenhoek - Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. A largely self-taught man in science, he is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists.

10) Antoine Lavoisier - Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.