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socialism was a reaction against

a. the inequality between owners and workers.

b. the replacement of agriculture by industry.

c. the growing importance of international trade.

d. the establishment of republics with constitutions.

Socialism is a reaction against the A. in equal power between the worker and an employer.

The socialism is a political theory which is mainly based on the ownership and the self-employment. It deals with the social and the economic systems. According to this theory, the ownership can be collective, public, or cooperative.  

This began during the French Revolution. The socialism lead to many theories such as economic democracy, socialist calculation debate, and so on. Karl Marx, German sociologist played a wide role in socialism.

i thinl it is the 1st answer