What answer best expresses why secularism came to be?

a. european monarchs were fed up with the church dominating everything.
renaissance thinkers showed how the church was not meeting the needs of the people.
b. renaissance culture introduced the idea of enjoying life on earth rather than focusing one's earthly efforts on spiritual salvation.
c. people were more interested in types of art and philosophy that disagreed with the church.
d. humanism was such a compelling philosophy that it drew people away from the church.

i believe your answer is d)

the amount of the purse is, $120.

tax rate =9%

first find the the total tax she paid on the amount is equal to the 9% of $120 i.e,

now,

total amount paid by shalika = $120 +$10.8 = $130.8

"they had a large area of land that they owned."

question as stated in comment

why did the chinese require the portuguese to pay for goods in gold and silver when trading?

choices

portuguese goods were less valuable than chinese goods.

the chinese already had a surplus of portuguese goods.

the imperial government wanted to stockpile gold and silver.

portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

this a history q n in ancient time, theres no money exchange. so ans is portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.