During the 19th century, why were europeans mainly able to divide china in spheres of influence?

a. europeans were willing to adopt chinese customs such as arranged marriages and confucianism

b. europeans had technology superior military forces as evidenced with their victory in the opium war (1839-1842)

c. the chinese were eager to adopt western culture such as converting to christianity and western clothing styles.

d. the chinese lacked raw materials and resources.