Which of the following was a continuity in the development of african states in the period circa 1200–1450 ?

a. african states such as ethiopia maintained close contacts with south and east asian states across the indian ocean but rarely had contacts with europe.

b. despite geographical barriers, some african states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader afro-eurasian world.

c. most african states rejected traditional forms of international diplomacy, such as dynastic marriages and tribute payments.

d. african states needed to maintain friendly diplomatic relations with europe in order to expand their empires.

imperialism and colonization in 1936

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basic forms of government

power structure

separation

associated state dominion chiefdom

federalism

federation confederation devolution

integration

empire hegemony unitary state

administrative division

power source

democracy

power of many

direct representative liberal social demarchy others

oligarchy

power of few

anocracy aristocracy plutocracy kakistocracy kraterocracy stratocracy timocracy meritocracy technocracy geniocracy noocracy kritarchy particracy ergatocracy netocracy

autocracy

power of one

despotism dictatorship military dictatorship

others

anarchy theocracy

power ideology

monarchy vs. republic

socio-political ideologies

absolute legalist

constitutional

parliamentary directorial semi-presidential presidential

authoritarian vs. libertarian

socio-economic ideologies

tribalism despotism feudalism colonialism distributism anarchism socialism communism totalitarianism

global vs. local

geo-cultural ideologies

commune city-state national government intergovernmental organisation world government

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an empire is a sovereign state functioning as an aggregate of nations or people that are ruled over by an emperor or another kind of monarch. the territory and population of an empire is commonly of greater extent than the one of a kingdom.[1]

an empire can be made solely of contiguous territories, such as the austro-hungarian empire or the russian empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire. aside from the more formal usage, the word empire can also refer colloquially to a large-scale business enterprise (e.g. a transnational corporation), a political organisation controlled by a single individual (a political boss), or a group (political bosses).[2] the word empire is associated with such other words as imperialism, colonialism, and globalization. empire is often used to describe a displeasure to overpowering situations.[3]

the answer would more than likely a.)falling crop prices  

hope the answer is right and ,either way have a nice day.

napoleon the third became a empire in 1873 also known as the era of the franco-prussian war.

set times for each and always know when there coming