What problems led to division of europe from 1938 to 1939?

The events in Europe that preceded the outbreak of World War II can be divided into two periods.

The first period (1933-1936) was associated with the advent of the NSDAP in Germany, the strengthening of its power, the Nazification of all spheres of life in Germany and the accumulation of internal reserves to prepare for revenge for defeat in the First World War. First of all, it is about the revision of the Versailles Peace Treaty in terms of implementing the course of Adolf Hitler towards achieving military parity with the leading world powers. Already on October 14, 1933, Germany announced the withdrawal from the League of Nations. In January 1935, as a result of a German plebiscite, the Saar, which had previously been under the protectorate of the League of Nations, was returned to Germany, and in March Hitler announced the severance of the Treaty of Versailles and the restoration of universal military service, that is, the creation of a regular army of the Reich - Wehrmacht, including the Luftwaffe. On June 18 of the same year, a German-British naval agreement was concluded. In 1936, the German army entered the demilitarized Rhine region. In the same year, in connection with the Spanish Civil War, the Berlin-Rome axis was created and the Anti-Comintern Pact was signed with Japan.

The second period occurred in 1936-1939, when the leadership of Nazi Germany, without resorting to a direct military confrontation, on the pretext of fighting the communist threat, began to introduce a force component into its foreign policy, constantly forcing Great Britain and France to make concessions and compromise. During these years, Nazi Germany created a bridgehead for the future war: in March 1938, the Anschluss of Austria was carried out; in September 1938 - March 1939, the Czech Republic and Klaipeda Territory were annexed to Germany.

By 1939, two military-political blocs of great powers took shape, in which Britain and France opposed Germany and Italy, to which Japan gravitated. The USSR and the USA took a wait and see attitude, hoping to use the war between these blocks in their interests.

Explanation:

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.