What core values and beliefs led to the american revolution and the writing of the articles of confederation? how do these values and beliefs affect american politics today?

The values and principles that influenced the American Revolution and the creation of the Articles of the Confederation were the ideals of liberalism, republicanism (not in the political sense we know today, but in the organization of a nation under a republic), democracy and federalism. These ideals led settlers want to abandon the relationship with Britain, based on colonialism, seeking the freedom of the nation under their own organization and government.

Today, these values continue to be fundamental pillars of American political idiosyncrasy. Freedom is the fundamental pillar of the nation, and the United States stands in the world as the guarantor of individual and collective freedoms. Republicanism is more in force than ever, with a system of checks and balances that guarantees the division of powers efficiently. Democracy is strong, and it is related to the freedom of citizens to decide the government they want for the nation (it is another of the values that the United States guarantees in the world). Finally, federalism is strongly rooted in the American political organization, with strong, autonomous and effective states in the territories they control as their own.

to act quickly in times of danger to the united states

because you have to act quickly if you want to live/survive.