What is one reason for early english victories during the hundred years' war?
a.
the english had superior weapons, such as the english longbow.
b.
the french were greatly outnumbered in every battle by the english.
c.
the english believed more strongly in their reasons for fighting than the french.
d.
the french were fighting on unfamiliar ground, having invaded english-held territory.

The correct answer is A. One reason for early English victories during the Hundred Years' War was that the English had superior weapons, such as the English longbow.

Explanation:

The Hundred Years War was a war for the French throne between the Plantaganet Dynasty of England and the Valois Dynasty of France. This is a name given to the war by later historians; it was not in use at the time. The fighting lasted for 116 years, from 1337 until 1453, but with several short intervals of peace and two longer intervals. There have been about 81 years of fighting in total. It ended with the English being driven out of France with the exception of Calais.

The English kings were originally from France, and the Angevin kings held extensive lands in Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, Poitou, Gascony, Saintonge and Aquitaine, forming the Angevin empire. Many of these lands were gradually lost during the period from 1214 to 1324.

In 1328, Charles IV, king of France, died without leaving a son. This marked the end of the direct dynasty of the Capetal kings. It was uncertain who was entitled to the crown; claimants included Edward III, king of England. It was the decision of the French nobles to crown Philip of Valois, who was of another Capet dynasty, who became king as Philip VI, the first of the Valois Dynasty.

In 1337, Edward III declared himself the true king of France, and the war began. France won several victories at sea in the first years, but in 1340 the English destroyed their navy at the Battle of Sluys. The Breton Succession War began in 1341, one side supported by France and the other by England. In July 1346, Edward III invaded France, and shortly afterwards won a victory over the French at the Battle of Crecy. The main reason for the victory was the effectiveness of the long bow.

In 1348, Europe was affected by the Black Death, and it took some years before the kingdoms could regain their strength. In 1356, Edward, the Black Prince, son of Edward II, invaded France, and won another major victory at the Battle of Poitiers, again largely because of the use of the long bow. The French king, Jean II, was taken prisoner. Later that year the Treaty of London granted the territory of Aquitaine to England in exchange for his freedom.

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