How does ibn al- muqaffa describe the relationship between the muslims and the empire ruled by heraclius prior to the conquest of alexandria

  the common sense as a pamphlet written by thomas paine. it promoted the independence of the colonies from british rule. the distribution of this pamphlet was great, it reached people everywhere and it was even read aloud at places people met. it also unite the colonists before the revolutionary war.

answer is d

i'm not certain but i'm pretty sure it was spanish and portuguese america.