Proposed measures that apply to specific individuals or places are

Proposed measures that apply to specific individuals or places are called private bills.

Explanation:

Private bills are proposals which are given to a specific individual or to a separate corporate firm which offers relief from the allegedly wrongful acts and relieves an individual from legal responsibility. It is a congress bill which involves the private interests of a particular individual.  

It is more generally known as exceptional laws and many states proscribe ratifying a private bill as many public laws are present which would generally apply. Private bills revolve around protecting the interests of a specific individual.

the respondent is the party against whom a petition is filed

when people started to question traditional christian beliefs, they became criminals in the eyes of the church: they were accused of heresy and then, executed. the church held unbelievable power and anyone who tried to defy it or its beliefs, was demonized and persecuted.

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