Which identify problems many african countries faced after achieving independence?
(select all that apply)

a. africa lacked natural resources and, as a result, had little to offer in participating in the global economy.

b. many african nations were colonized by the united states and the soviet union during the cold war.

c. conflicts arose because arbitrary established colonial borders divided ethnic groups or placed rival groups in the same state.

d. struggles for power and the lack of experience with democratic institutions led to the rise of military dictators.

e. many countries lacked an educated population so economic development and political administration suffered.