9. why do you think europeans used racist ideology to justify imperialism?

 political or social racism grew out of biological racism (18century) and was introduced to social sciences in the mid-XIXcentury (social darwinism). Because of this societies started being interpreted according to organicist model. Some races became superior and other inferior, some were to grow or progress, others to stagnate or degenerate.

Explanation:   Social and political racism is a part of what is called biologization of social sciences, merged with already existing anti-semitism and influenced all the social disciplines. At that time there was a hayday of colonialism and Darwinist evolutionary theory. Europeans started interpteting world cultures and societies according to these new tools. It was a natural evolution. This perspective was self-destructive much laterin the 20th century.

england is crowded cold and polluted while north america was like the opposite

arianism, proposed by arius in the third century ce, proposed that jesus christ could not be god because god himself is unique and immutable. this would mean that jesus christ was created by god and therefore lesser. this was considered heretical and banned from orthodoxy, but caught on in germanic cultures. developed approximately around 500 bce by gautama buddha in northeastern india, buddhism first spread to central asia and southeast asia after a few centuries.   shortly thereafter it spread into china, korea, and japan. although initially rome's government persecuted early christian communities, the roman emperor constantine tolerated christians and even converted to christianity himself; christianity became the official state religion. the athenian empire and the nabataeans existed before christianity. the hunnic empire, a great enemy to rome, was never christian. the mongol empire had a christian population that was tolerated but was never officially christian.