This is the process in which a society or country grows itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services.

This is the process called industrialization.

Explanation:

In an industrialization period, there is usually replacement of manual labor by  mass production with the use of machines. People migrate from the countryside to cities to work in factories. It leads to an increased use of energy and resources.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.