Which of these functions is carried out exclusively by the federal government?

a. commands the military

b. urban planning

c. tax collection

d. establishment of courts

A. commands the military

Explanation:

Clauses 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the US Constitution determine that Congress has the power to raise and support Armies, to provide and maintain a Navy and to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. This makes sense since it would be chaos if each state had the power to create carry out commands in the military.

d) all choices are correct

b)

it created free trade throughout the colonial territories.