Which of these occurred as a direct result of the u. s.'s late-nineteenth century industrialization
a. northerners moved to the sun belt states
b rural residents moved into urban areas
c working class people left the cities to move to the suburbs
d african americans moved from north to south

Rural residents moved into urban areas occurred as a direct result of the U.S.'s late-nineteenth century industrialization.

Option B

Explanation:

Industrialisation had brought many fundamental changes in the composition of American society in the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century. Large number of people had migrated from rural areas to the urban areas.

By 1920, majority of American population was residing in cities and started working there. According to statistics, 11 million people moved to cities in America during the period between the years 1870 – 1920. This concept of migration of people from rural area to urban area is essentially termed as urbanisation.

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b: the establishment clause  

b: socialism