St. petersburg
a. was built on the gulf of sweden
b. exemplified russia's new orientation to the west
c. was completed in 1709 but not inhabited until russia defeated sweden
d. was given that name by lenin after the 1917 russian revolution

Option: exemplified Russia’s new orientation to the West

Explanation:

St. Petersburg founded by Czar Peter I of Russia after defeating Sweden in a war which led him to conquer the Baltic Sea. Peter the Great became the first Czar of Russia to bring the influence of Western European models in his empire. His extensive reforms in the political, economic, and military led to establishing Russia in its grandest. Peter pursued his dream of northern capital and decided to build it in a swamp. Czar Peter I invited engineers,  businessmen, and architects from all over the countries to built new capital.