Who defeated the persians in 331 b. c. , ending the persian rule?

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?

During wwi, literacy tests were used to control immigration, which marked a return of what type of ideology in some americans?

When this was published in early 1776, many american colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of britain's "cruel" courts