General characteristics of civilization include all of the following except

Since we don't have the options, let's see what are the main general characteristics of civilization:

1) Surplus of production. It means this society is organized in a way it can produce more than it needs to survive and has goods that can be traded. This led to a complexification of society as it can have people who work with trade and not on farms.

2) Social stratification. It is when a society is divided into clearly different groups according to the function each one of them has. It is usually also a sign of the presence of a centralized government.

3) Writing. This is one of the strongest signs of cultural wealth. To create a writing indicates complex organizational needs.

4) Shared values. These are what holds a society together and it means it is developed enough to think about itself as something concrete.

the two things that develop a strong social foundation are: a. separation of church and states e. education received attention separation of church and states separate the illogical  argument that came from religious beliefs to a fact based belief. while education will make us remember the past to avoid the repeat of our mistakes.

a. poison gas was sprayed over battlefields by airplanes to weaken enemy positions before major attacks.