How did the nullification crisis and its resolution foreshadow the civil war? a. south carolina challenged federal authority over the states by declaring a federal tariff void, but the president and congress maintained that federal authority was supreme. b. south carolina defied an international trade agreement negotiated by the president, so the president used the military to force the state government to abide by the agreement. c. after south carolina prohibited citizens from capturing or transporting escaped slaves, the president ordered the military to seek out and capture escaped slaves living in the state. d. after south carolina illegally signed a treaty with spain without senate approval, the federal government declared martial law in the state until a new state government was elected.