The term genetic engineering originally referred to various processes used to modify and manipulate organisms via heredity and reproduction. starting during the latter part of the 20th century, however, the term refers more specifically to recombinant dna methods in which dna molecules from different sources are combined in-vitro then inserted into a host organism, ultimately altering the organism’s dna. recombinant dna technology is based around restriction enzymes that were discovered by the swiss microbiologist werner arber in 1968. true or false?

True

Explanation:

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Werner Arber and several others extended the work of an earlier Nobel laureate, Salvador Luria, who observed that bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) not only induce hereditary mutations in their bacterial hosts but at the same time undergo hereditary mutations themselves. Werner Arber’s research was concentrated on the action of protective enzymes present in the bacteria, which modify the DNA of the infecting virus e.g., the restriction enzyme, so-called for its ability to restrict the growth of the bacteriophage by cutting the molecule of its DNA to pieces.

letter a is the answer

the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

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