How did railroads affect cities during the second industrial revolution?
railroads cities grow by providing the greatest number of jobs.
railroads cities grow by transporting goods and raw materials
railroads led to the decline of cities by taking workers away from factories.
railroads led to the decline of cities by moving settlers to rural areas.
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Railroad helped cities grow by transporting materials and finished goods.

Explanation:

It was seen as a symbol of modernity but it caused great distress to the Native Americans and their cultural life got disturbed because these railroads ran across the vast land stretches of Native Americans and connected many territories. On the other hand, it provided huge job opportunities for the workers and miners and created employment opportunities for many Americans.

Transportation of goods was made feasible. It also paved way for easy and convenient travel in a short duration of time. Huge competing railroad companies emerged which performed better than the other and thus the service improved in manifolds. Switching from iron to more durable metal called steel earned huge profits to America.  

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simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13