What unite the islamic empire as it spread under the abbasid dynasty
a. the jizra
b. social classes
c. arabic language
d. medical advancements

C. Arabic language

Explanation:

The Abbasid caliphate (750-1258), also called abbasid caliphate, was a Caliph dynasty founded in 750 by Abu l-Abbas, descendant of Abbas, uncle of Muhammad, who took power after eliminating the Umayyad dynasty and moved the capital of Damascus Baghdad. Baghdad became one of the main centers of world civilization during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid, character of the Arabian Nights.

During this caliphate, the economy of the empire was improved, achieved great prosperity, introduced Arabic as the official language and letters and sciences flourished under this dynasty. The Abbasid Caliphate was the founder of Baghdad.

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation:

answer; i believe the two groups were irish immigrants and chinese immigrants;