When james madison wrote that a government that is “administered by men over men” must be obliged to “control itself,” he was referring to. a.. the defining characteristics of a bureaucracy.. b.. the fact that appointed bureaucrats must be controlled by elected officials.. c.. the hierarchical structure of the federal government.. d.. the undemocratic nature of bureaucracies..

The answer is letter D.  The undemocratic nature of bureaucracies.              

The forefathers of the America that the people should have a government that would rule over the, however, this belief was often misused by many and have proven to be dictators and was able to govern people  according to their whim.

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.