Where does the word shotgun come from

Sparta faces threats from without and within the city-state who posed these threats.

Which statement describes an important outcome of the congress of vienna? a. napoleon launched his final european military campaigns. b. european states had their borders clearly defined. c. jewish people were given equal right in germanic states d. the slave trade became increasingly important to european economies.

Which of these constitutional amendments made all people born or naturalized in the united states into citizens of the united states ?