In what ways did colonial America change over time from a "society with slaves" to a "slave society"? What is the real difference between these two concepts? And what were the key factors in this process?

In the colonial enterprise, Slavery was a part of the parcel of a system designed to benefit the colonizer from the colony. In the absence of the colonizer it became the question of one citizen benefiting at the expense of another.

Explanation:

Colonial USA was a plantation based colony as it had some of the most fertile land in the world where predominantly commercial crops were grown.

These crops were being grown by labor that needed no jobs and no salaries and could be kept in subhuman conditions.

As the slaves produced children, they even gave way to newer bonded labors.

Hence the institution  of slavery was carried out for profits in the largely agrarian economy and the American society turned into a slave society. Slavery was the backbone of agriculture of Americas at the time.

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”

from the religious point of view, the conflicts began because of the enmity between catholic and protestants. in 1649, at the insistence of baltimore, the colonial assembly approved the act of religious tolerance, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, though only for christians. in 1654, however, with the protestants of maryland in the majority, the act was revoked. the almost civil war broke out and order was not restored until 1658, when lord baltimore was returned to power.

on the issue of class conflict, the chesapeake region offered few economic opportunities to contract employees who had served their term of obligation. even with the small amount of capital needed to grow tobacco, former hired servants at best became subsistence farmers, a mature class for those called to rebellion, such as those proposed by nathaniel bacon. as the number of new hired workers declined because of limited chances of progress and reports of severe treatment, they were replaced by african slaves.

from the racial point of view, after 1660, the chesapeake colonies imposed laws that defined slavery as a lifelong and hereditary condition based on race. this made slaves profitable because planters could rely not only on their work but also on their children. the slave population, which numbered four thousand in virginia and maryland in 1675, grew significantly by the end of the century.