In comparison with England, by the 1700s the North American colonies:

Had a proportionately larger number of "middle rank" residents

All of these answers are correct

Also had a widespread and formal aristocracy with titles of nobility

Had no system of wage labor for poorer residents

Had a proportionately larger number of "middle rank" residents

Explanation:

The North American colonies were much more egalitarian than England (this applies to white people, enslaved africans were treated worse than medieval serfs).

This is because there was a lot of land available, and many people became landowners, instead of working someone else's farm.

Besides, the colonies did not have an established aristocracy with titles of nobilty, which means that they did not have an elite that extracted resources from the poor under the excuse of nobility.

cultural/diplomatic relations. most medieval japanese   culture has chinese origins. writing, architecture etc.

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons