How did the Panama Canal boost commerce?

2686-2181 bce-- "egyptian civilization developed along the nile river in large part because the river’s annual flooding ensured reliable, rich soil for growing crops."

1069-664 bce-- "ancient egyptians developed wide-reaching trade networks along the nile, in the red sea, and in the near east."

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.