Question 1 (2 points)

The Federalist Papers and the Anti-Federalist Papers structured the national debate over the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.

Select only the arguments of the Anti-Federalists by checking the correct boxes.

Question 1 options:

A standing army threatens citizens' liberties.

The national government needs the power to levy taxes.

A standing army is necessary for national defense.

A bill of rights is necessary to protect the rights of individuals.

The national government holds too much power over the states.

The distribution of powers provides a safeguard against excessive government power.

Question 2 (2 points)

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The Declaration of Independence was strongly influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of the social contract and natural rights. Select the boxes to identify the excerpts from the Declaration of Independence that reflect ideas of the social contract.

Question 2 options:

"[A]ll men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator... Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

"That these United Colonies are... Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved..."

"When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another..."

Question 3 (1 point)

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The following question has two parts. First answer question #3 and then #4.

An excerpt from the Declaration of Independence is shown.
"He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures."

How does this grievance support the American colonists' case for independence?

Question 3 options:

It describes how the British government was holding public meetings in locations favorable to colonies loyal to Britain.

It describes how the British government made it hard for the American colonists to have a voice in their own governance.

It describes how the colonists were encouraged by the king to send their elected representatives to London.

It describes how the colonists were not given adequate access to public records necessary for day-to-day government activities.

Question 4 (1 point)

How does the statement you selected in question #3 show a violation of an Enlightenment principle by the British?

Question 4 options:

The British ignored the principle of mercantilism.

The British did not adhere to the principal of separation of powers.

The British violated the principle of social contract.

The British abused the principle of religious toleration

Question 5 (1 point)

The following question has two parts. First, answer question #5. Then, answer question #6.

Which precedent was set by the Northwest Ordinance and later included in the U. S. Constitution?

Question 5 options:

the creation of a federal system of government

the guarantee of a right to trial by jury

the denial of property rights to American Indians

the establishment of full voting rights for women

Question 6 (1 point)

Which excerpt from the U. S. Constitution supports the precedent that you identified in question #5?

Question 6 options:

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury..."

"The Congress shall have Power...To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes..."

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people