In 1885, European leaders at the Berlin Conference agreed to the rules for dividing African territory. How did this agreement change the geographic characteristics of Africa?

Large wildlife reserves were created throughout Africa.

Ethnic groups were able to keep their existing land holdings.

The deserts were reduced as a result of European land use practices.

Boundary lines were determined by political claims rather than cultural characteristics of regions.

Boundary lines were determined by political claims rather than cultural characteristics of regions.

Explanation:

The European colonial powers divided the Black Continent along their colonies´areas and spheres of influence. Then and even now, drawn borders did not take into account cultural and ethnic factors; colonialists separated peoples and cultures without thinking about them and the consequences. Today´s African borders are above all a colonial heritage and the cause of many conflicts and disputes.

simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13