Which is a common question that philosophers asked during the enlightenment

One common question taken up by Enlightenment philosophers was:  Does government have a responsibility to respect the rights of its citizens?

The Enlightenment philosophers tended to answer that question in the affirmative.  The idea of a "social contract" meant, in their view, that the government had obligations to the people who had empowered it.

Two examples would be John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.  Locke and Rousseau both argued that the people had the right to change a government that wasn't serving its intended purpose.  

Both Locke and Rousseau wrote political philosophy about how the people should be the sovereign power in a state -- that a government gets its power from the people and needs to serve the interests of the people.  So they supported the people's right to remove a government that has become tyrannical and replace it with a government that works properly on behalf of the people.  

American colonists took up arms against Britain in response to their sort of philosophy (especially Locke's).  And the bourgeoisie in France started the movement that became the French Revolution based on thoughts in both Lock and Rousseau.  But as Enlightenment thinkers, both men ideally hoped to convince others by means of their arguments that a constitutional form of government was the best idea (Locke), or even that direct democracy was the right way for a state to operate (Rousseau).   Their main concern was that government respect the rights of its citizens.

separate but equal was a legal doctrine in united states constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution, which guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all people. under the doctrine, as long as the facilities provided to each race were equal, state and local governments could require that services, facilities, public accommodations, housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation be segregated by race, which was already the case throughout the states of the former confederacy. the phrase was derived from a louisiana law of 1890, although the law actually used the phrase "equal but separate

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